Which of the following instances does not exemplify when a late-mover advantage arises?
a. Property rights protections in the form of patents, copyrights, and trademarks prevent the ready imitation of initial moves.
b. Rapid market evolution gives fast followers the opening to leapfrog a first mover's products with more attractive next-version products.
c. Market uncertainties make it difficult to ascertain what will eventually succeed.
d. Products of an innovator are simple, do not need a high customer understanding, and easily penetrate the market.
e. Pioneering helps build a firm's reputation with buyers and creates brand loyalty.
Ans: a. Property rights protections in the form of patents, copyrights, and trademarks prevent the ready imitation of initial moves.
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