Banks would be expected to minimize holding excess reserves because this practice is

Net public debt is equal to

A) the gross public debt minus current year tax revenue collection. B) the gross public debt minus taxes paid by foreign corporations on their profits made in the United States. C) the gross public debt plus all governmental interagency borrowing. D) the gross public debt minus all governmental interagency borrowing.

Unit excise taxes imposed on gasoline, alcohol, and cigarettes are

A) largely paid by the producers because they want to maintain their level of sales. B) largely paid by consumers because they are not very responsive to price changes. C) shared equally between the producer and the consumer. D) paid by the wholesalers of these products.