According to Skinner's terminology, behavior that acts on the environment and changes environmental conditions to the organism's advantage is ________ behavior.

In response to pain stimulation, what pattern of responses are typically displayed by healthy

infants? A) Before 2 months of age, these infants are less prone to cry and exhibit higher vagal tone than their older counterparts. B) They are likely to cry more and show more cortisol release when they are younger than older. C) They are more likely to show more cortisol release as they get older. D) They tend to show the same cortisol release and vagal tone throughout the first year of life.

Which of the following statements about degrees of freedom is TRUE?

A) It always equals N – 2. B) It is the number of scores in a sample that are free to vary. C) It is used in effect size calculations. D) It increases the bias inherent in a statistical estimate.