Any significant event, other than the IV, that occurs between DV measurements describes:

Melissa's mother was recently diagnosed with leukemia

As a result, Melissa is now required to take care of all of her mother's personal needs and manage her financial affairs. Melissa is already a full-time student, and is also the primary caregiver for her son. However, Melissa has an attitude that things could be worse. She is confident that she will get through this crisis. Thus, she is displaying A) hardiness. B) rumination. C) self-enhancement. D) self-confidence.

Even though Gerald isn't religious, when he attends church on Christmas with his family, he donates money when ushers pass around a collection basket because everyone else puts something in. It is likely that Gerald is

a. experiencing a high level of cognitive dissonance. b. privately accepting religion. c. being persuaded via the peripheral route. d. publicly complying.