Which of the following allows the accumulation of resources through retained earnings and their allocation within the firm without having to incur the transactions costs of raising funds in the capital markets?

A CPA firm acts with scienter in all the following circumstances except when the firm

A. Intentionally disregards the truth. B. Has actual knowledge of fraud. C. Negligently performs a professional service. D. Intends to gain monetarily by concealing fraud.

Which form of equity refers to the fairness of an individual's pay as compared with what his or her co-workers are earning for the same or very similar jobs within the company, based on each individual's performance?

A) internal B) distributive C) individual D) procedural