Which of the following would slow down productivity growth?

a. A change in the composition of the workforce so that more middle-aged people and fewer young people are working
b. A change in the composition of the workforce so that organizations hire more men who work steadily throughout the year than men who frequently enter and leave the workforce
c. The quality of education remaining unchanged
d. People starting to invest more in capital goods
e. Firms starting to cut down the size of their labor force

e