What is the difference between causation and correlation? In your answer, please give an example.
What will be an ideal response?
In social science research as well as common parlance, a “correlation” is simply a statement that two things are related. If you see one, chances are that you will see the other. But that’s the extent of the information carried by the statement of correlation. A causal declaration, by contrast, communicates much more. A change in the state of one thing brings about (in full or in part) a change in the state of another. It carries with it claims about time order and the elimination of alternative explanations for the observed relationship. The student should provide an example that demonstrates this difference.
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Which of the following is associated with a modern state?
A. a charismatic authority figure exercising the principle of inherited leadership B. an increase in the organizational complexity of central-government institutions C. an increase in the decentralized and overlapping forms of sovereignty D. a decrease in the central government's sovereignty over carefully delineated territory E. an increase in the practice of feudalism
One aspect of the Senate designed to insulate it from transient shifts in public mood is which of the following?
A. One third of the Senate's membership stand for reelection every 2 years. B. Senators cannot simultaneously run for other offices. C. The President can veto business on the Senate agenda. D. The Senate elects its own president.