B.F. Skinner, the modern champion of behaviorism, proposed that language is learned through

On the day of the test, Eddie was very sleepy, while Petra was in a state of panic about the test. According to the arousal theory,

a. both Eddie and Petra will probably perform well on the test, since test-taking is not influenced by arousal levels. b. both Eddie and Petra will probably perform well since they are both functioning at their optimal arousal levels. c. both Eddie and Petra will probably perform poorly on the test, because his arousal is too low and hers is too high. d. Petra will probably perform well since she is focused, while Eddie will probably perform poorly due to a low arousal level.

After a freak boating accident, Arlo's hippocampus was lost at sea. Although he has recovered in all other respects, Arlo will have difficulty

A. forming new memories of events after the accident. B. speaking fluently in his native language. C. making controlled, purposeful movements. D. smiling.