We listen to rumors because we want to have as much information as someone else, and subsequently, we spread gossip to be perceived as "in the know."

You receive the data output and realize that the information you gathered does not answer the question you set out to ask. What would be wrong with this dataset?

A) lacks reliability B) lacks validity C) lacks sampling D) lacks statistical significance E) lacks practical significance

At a regular study group meeting, one member asks that everyone to "summarize the most important information in each chapter."

At the next meeting, a group member distributes a printed outline of the text's important concepts but wonders why no one else in the group has made the same effort. This misunderstanding is an example of a) failure to follow the rules of language. b) denotation. c) failure to interpret nonverbal behavior. d) bypassing. e) concrete words.