Erikson and Freud both view adult personality as being primarily determined by experiences during infancy and early childhood.

What is often a side effect of extinction?

a. a surge of goodwill towards others b. the disappearance of instinctive behaviors c. less variability in responding d. depressive-like symptoms

A researcher who flips a coin to determine in which treatment group participants will be assigned is using

A) a confounding variable. B) matching. C) a natural, or quasi-, experiment. D) random assignment.