The manner in which a problem is ______ and ______ determines the remedies likely to be proposed, the organizations that will be given responsibility for the problem, and the final outcomes of the public intervention into the problem.

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the most recent Supreme Court decisions?

a. Limited affirmative action programs are generally permissible, but they cannot make race the decisive factor for a minority applicant. b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance on campus. c. Limited affirmative action programs are assumed to be constitutional unless an applicant can demonstrate that race affected the admissions decision in any way. d. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

Which of the following systems of governance is defined by a fusion of the legislative and executive branches?

a. bicameral systems b. parliamentary systems c. presidential systems d. unicameral systems e. None of the above