If spending patterns do not change by 2039, what percentage of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) will be consumed by Social Security and Medicare?

Bill hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned everything up for him. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?

a. Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog. b. Bill's wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog. c. Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog. d. Bill will never bathe the dog again. e. Bill's wife will never bathe the dog again.

When asking a question that disconfirms your belief, you are using a __________

a. positive test b. negative test c. neutral test d. biased test