Eight-year-old Julio attends an elementary school where a lot of children are taking Ritalin. After his teacher suggested that his parents take him to a pediatrician for an evaluation, Julio was put on Ritalin. If Julio has a typical response to the drug,

what is likely to happen?

a. Julio has a minor improvement in his hyperactivity.
b. Julio responds positively to the medication, and his hyperactivity decreases.
c. Julio has strong side effects and must be taken off the drug immediately.
d. Julio experiences the paradoxical effect, and his behavior actually gets worse.

Answer: b.