The underlying principle of classical conditioning is teaching an organism to exhibit a biologically programmed reflex in response to a ________ stimulus

The Informed Consent is a document that participants read and sign before starting an experiment. In addition to a basic description of the experiment, the information in this form should also explain any physical or psychological risk so that participants can assess whether or not to participate in the experiment. According to Aronson's five guidelines for ethical experimentation, participants should then be:

a. encouraged to continue even if they have concerns. b. told all their questions will be answered after the study is over. c. presented with their condition of the experiment. d. reassured they may quit the experiment at any time with no penalty.

Which of the following statements about brain changes in older adults is true?

a. There are no visible differences between the brains of older and younger adults. b. Declines in the size of the pre-frontal lobe are associated with declines in memory performance in older adults. c. Brains continue to grow throughout the lifespan. d. Declines in the size of the occipital lobe are associated with declines in memory performance in older adults.