Refer to Figure 13-11. What is the productively efficient output for the firm represented in the diagram?

Which one of the following would not increase recycling rates?

a. Technological lock-in b. A tax on virgin resources c. Pay-by-the-bag garbage programs d. Government procurement of recycled materials e. Increased royalty payments for extraction of resources

The short-run aggregate supply curve: a. has the same slope as the LRAS

b. shifts only when the LRAS shifts in the same direction. c. normally slopes upward to the right because the costs of labor and other inputs are relatively fixed in the short run. d. normally has a slope of zero, meaning the curve is horizontal.