What are the different efforts taken to prevent rape?

What will be an ideal response?

Answers may vary.Three basic strategies have been emphasized: (1) training potential victims how best to protect themselves against rape, (2) designing effective treatment for offenders so that they do not repeat their crimes, and (3) emphasizing the collective responsibility of both men and women.Training Potential Victims How Best to Protect Themselves against Rape: There is no uniformly correct response, just as there is no one type of rapist. However, on the issue of passive compliance, a Justice Department survey of over a million attacks found that women who did not resist a rape attack were twice as likely to suffer a completed rape as women who tried to protect themselves. But though fighting back was more likely to result in rape avoidance, it was also associated with increased physical injury when a weapon was present. Screaming and fleeing when confronted with a weapon was associated with less severe sexual abuse than were pleading, crying, or reasoning.In the typical rape prevention program, participants discuss several facts and myths about rape, recognize the risks associated with heavy use of alcohol, practice resisting pressure for unwanted sexual activity, and role-play other strategies for protecting themselves. The programs try to help women change behaviors and to dispel the notion that victims cause sexual assault. They also strive to minimize the blaming of women that can occur following sexual victimization.Designing Effective Treatments for Individuals Who Rape: Society is rightfully concerned about the likelihood of sex offenders repeating their crimes. In some states, men convicted of sex crimes are required to complete a sex-offender treatment program before being considered for parole. In such programs, the offender must acknowledge responsibility for his actions and participate in special treatment programs.The treatment of rapists can involve psychological, physical, and medical procedures; in many treatment programs, different interventions are often combined. In programs outside the United States, neurosurgery and surgical castration have been used, but their effectiveness is unclear. Because of the ethical controversies that surround these procedures, few experts advocate their use in the United States.Emphasizing Collective Responsibility for Preventing Sexual Assault: The third major strategy for preventing sexual assault has been implemented primarily on college campuses over the last decade. In certain respects, this strategy may be seen as an extension of changing views on sexual assault. There is far less tolerance for sexual misconduct generally. Consent is no longer assumed from the absence of "no"-many colleges have implemented policies requiring clear consent by both parties at each stage of a sexual encounter. Making women (who are more likely to be victimized by sexual assault on a college campuses) primarily responsible for their own safety, it has been suggested, is not only ineffective but also insulting.