Acute pyelonephritis is commonly caused by:

Which of the following best reflects counseling?

a. Whether the patient has received, or has not received, any professional, medical, or other healthcare services from the physician during the 3 years prior to the E/M service visit in question b. Managed sharing of medical findings, management options, and treatment plans between two or more participants in the patient's healthcare c. The dialogue between the physician and the patient and/or family during which the physician's provides additional information regarding the disease process, expected prognosis, diagnostic procedures or results, treatment or management options, the necessity for compliance, or any other unanswered questions from the patient and/or family d. A problem that runs a definite and prescribed course, in transient in nature, and is not likely to permanently alter health status or has a good prognosis with management and compliance.

The tip of the sternum (letter E) is the _______________ _______________.