Which of the following is a problem associated with gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of social welfare?
a. It includes many nonmarket activities
b. It takes into account the value of only those goods which are widely used.
c. It takes into account the cost of environmental damage caused by pollution.
d. It includes intermediate goods as a separate entry.
e. It excludes the value of leisure time.
e
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If there is no Ricardo-Barro effect, an increase in the government budget deficit
A) lowers the equilibrium real interest rate. B) decreases the demand for loanable funds. C) increases the supply of loanable funds. D) decreases the supply of loanable funds. E) raises the equilibrium real interest rate.
Some firms provide stock options to managers as an incentive to work hard and increase the value of the firm. A typical option contract gives the manager the right to buy the firm's stock at a set price (known as the exercise price)
If the firm's stock value increases and moves above the exercise price, then the manager's option becomes more valuable. What is the potential problem with this incentive scheme? A) The incentive does not include a performance benchmark, so it cannot be optimal. B) There is a dynamic incentive problem --- the manager may focus too much on the firm's short-run stock value and not on actions that are in the best interest of the firm for the long run. C) The incentive value depends on the firm's stock value, which cannot be influenced by the amount of work or effort exerted by the manager. D) There are no problems with this incentive scheme.