The expected shortage per replenishment cycle (ESC) is the average units of demand that are satisfied from inventory in stock per replenishment cycle

Which of the following actions is closely associated with the niche strategy?

a. Choosing a target market that is not crucial for the success of major competitors b. Manufacturing products in bulk and targeting the average customer c. Selling products that do not have extra frills d. Creating cross-departmental teams across all the strategic business units

An examination of a creative message and the physical design of an advertisement or other marketing communication piece is a(n):

A) respondent behavior evaluation B) online evaluation metric C) message evaluation D) message synthesis