A quality of "experts" is that their knowledge is both ________ and ________

When Doug was an infant, his parents did not respond positively to his unique, loveable characteristics. As an adult, he finds himself searching in vain for such a positive response from those around him. Kohut would explain Doug's situation by stating that

a) Doug has become narcissistic. b) Doug's parents mirrored him too much. c) Doug's problem is caused by inborn physiological brain abnormalities. d) Doug's parents used an authoritative parenting style.

Sibling conflicts can serve as a positive influence on development under all of the following circumstances except __________________

a. when parents help children mediate the disputes b. when parents use the conflicts as an opportunity to punish both siblings c. when the siblings have a positive relationship and resolve their conflicts on their own d. when parents are spurred by the conflicts to articulate family rules