What is the name of the Cisco's initial proprietary first-hop redundancy protocol?

Which of the following is a base case for a recursive binary search algorithm? (first is the index of the first item in the array, last is the index of the last item in the array, and mid is the midpoint of the array).

a) last > first b) first > last c) 0 <= first d) last <= SIZE-1

Patterns, or design patterns

a. Distill programmer experience into models that work b. Should be taken as a detailed prescription for problem solving. c. Have become standard and useful tools d. Have no formalism for expression and implementation of patterns. e. UML is a formalism to express patterns