Every user you create in the IAM system starts with ___________.

A virus or worm can have a payload that installs a(n) ____________________ door or trap door component in a system, which allows the attacker to access the system at will with special privileges.

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

Answer each of the following questions:

a) What does it mean to choose numbers “at random?” b) Why is the rand function useful for simulating games of chance? c) Why would you randomize a program by using srand? Under what circumstances is it desirable not to randomize? d) Why is it often necessary to scale or shift the values produced by rand? e) Why is computerized simulation of real-world situations a useful technique?