Researchers have to be cautious in determining whether or not a variable is a(n) _______, in that it causally comes before both the independent and dependent variables.

What are the three types of special election in Texas?

What will be an ideal response?

What was the usual method of choosing bureaucrats before the passage of the Civil Service Reform Act in 1883?

A. Bureaucrats were appointed based on seniority. B. Bureaucrats were appointed based on administrative experience. C. Bureaucratic appointments were made to political supporters. D. Bureaucratic appointments were made based on Civil Service Exam scores.