Schemas for familiar events are sometimes called __________

Three common characteristics of preoperational thinking are

A) conservation, reversibility, and dynamic transformation. B) egocentrism, animism, and artificialism. C) egocentrism, conservation, and reversibility. D) animism, artificialism, and dynamic transformation.

In laboratory experiments in which the dogs had developed learned helplessness,

an effective method that helped the animals regain "hope" and feelings of control over the environment involved a. having the dogs make "friends" with one of the experimenters. b. forcibly "dragging" the dogs into the "safe" compartment. c. providing food treats every time they were shocked. d. lowering the voltage of the shocks.