Guilds first became important for working musicians in Western Civilization in which period?
a. 11th and 12th centuries in Iberia (Spain and Portugal)
b. 15th and 16th centuries in Germany
c. 19th century in parts of northern Europe and Russia
d. 20th century with the formation of the American Guild of Musical Artists (AGMA)
b. 15th and 16th centuries in Germany
Art & Culture
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According to the authors, which of the following basic distinctions of art is the most fundamental?
A. participation B. content C. artistic form D. subject matter
Art & Culture
Professional folk ensembles formed by Communist governments play music written by
whom?
a. government officials b. indigenous composers c. conservatory-trained composers d. Western avant-garde composers
Art & Culture