Which of the following mode classifications characterize continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
A. pressure controlled; time triggered; pressure limited; and time cycled
B. pressure or volume controlled; time or patient triggered; flow or volumes limited; and time, flow, pressure, or volume cycled
C. pressure controlled; pressure, flow, or volume triggered; pressure limited; and pressure cycled
D. pressure controlled; patient triggered; pressure limited; and flow cycled
ANS: C
A. Incorrect response: PC-CMV is classified as pressure controlled; time triggered; pressure limited; and time cycled.
B. Incorrect response: CMV is classified as pressure or volume controlled; time or patient triggered; flow or volume limited; and time, flow, pressure, or volume cycled.
C. Correct response: CPAP is a spontaneous ventilatory mode characterized as pressure controlled; pressure, flow, or volume triggered; pressure limited; and pressure cycled. CPAP can also be classified as pressure controlled; patient triggered; pressure limited; and pressure cycled.
D. Incorrect response: Pressure support ventilation (PSV) is pressure controlled; patient triggered; pressure limited; and flow cycled.
Note that the term patient refers to the fact that the patient's effort is responsible for triggering inspiration if the trigger variable is either pressure, flow, or volume.
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