Marcio studies developmental changes in intelligence by testing one group of subjects when they are 4, 8, 12, and 16 years of age. What kind of design is Marcio using?

Which of the following approaches is likely to be seen in a Vygotskian classroom?

A) opportunities for active participation B) an emphasis on teacher-directed instruction C) activities developed to foster peer collaboration D) learning experiences designed to promote independent exploration

Aimee is coordinating a continuing education program for older adults. Which of the following pieces of advice should she follow?

A) Relate new material to what older adults have already learned by drawing on their experiences. B) Present the information in one session or in several short sessions. C) Present information at a fairly rapid pace so it is not quickly forgotten. D) Do not provide handouts and outlines because they are often cumbersome.