Briefly discuss the phenomenon of drug abuse in the context of five different psychological perspectives

What will be an ideal response?

ANSWER: The text notes that to understand the phenomenon of drug abuse, many perspectives can contribute to our understanding, but no one specialty offers a complete explanation. Biological psychologists approach drug abuse by tracing pathways in the brain correlated with cravings. Behaviorists focus on the reinforcing qualities of the experience. Behaviorist techniques regarding the use of reward and punishment to shape behavior are also relevant efforts to stop drug use. Developmental and social psychologists consider the family and peer influences. In each case, something valuable is learned about drug abuse, but understanding the “whole” requires zooming out for a more comprehensive perspective.

The text also notes that there are highly different patterns of use for different drugs. Drawing on multiple perspectives can provide a fuller understanding of the patterns, which may also aid in reducing problematic drug use.

Students might also consider whether other perspectives contribute to an understanding of drug abuse, such as evolutionary, clinical, and individual differences. For example, did an enhanced reaction to natural drug ingredients provide a survival advantage in the past? Clinicians who treat persons with drug addictions may have a wealth of knowledge based on individual cases that may provide a basis for developing hypotheses. Studying individuals who are most or least affected by certain drugs may provide additional information.