Is the application of an electric shock to correct lethal heart arrhythmias

Attached to the beginning of the root word, what gives a specific, new meaning to the root?

A) Suffix B) Prefix C) Abbreviation D) Meaning

The ________ grasp is used with the evacuator tip when working on the anterior maxillary

a. pen b. reverse-pen c. thumb-to-nose d. all of the above