Georges Seurat's Pierrot et Colombine (fig. 8.11) depicts characters drawn from French theater

Which of these works would properly be classified as "realist"—aiming to depict its subject in full detail and with honesty?

a. Renoir's Le Moulin de la Galette b. Flaubert's Madame Bovary c. Baudelaire's Flowers of Evil d. Van Gogh's Starry Night

What contextual information supports the notion that the vacant niche in Titian’s Pietà may be a symbol of death?

a)  The painting was done during an epidemic of the plague. b)  The painting was an altarpiece on public view in a church. c)  The painting demonstrates an expressive painterly quality. d)  The painting suggests the influences of Michelangelo and Raphael.