What are the five steps to determine circuit compressible volume?
What will be an ideal response?
1.) with the circuit warmed to an operating temperature, set the frequency at 10 to 16/min and the tidal volume between 100 and 200 mL with minimal flow rate and maximum high pressure limit
2.) completely occlude the patient Y-connection of the ventilator circuit
3.) record the expired volume (mL) and the peak inspiratory pressure during Y occlusion (cm H2O)
4.) divide the expired volume (mL) by the peak inspiratory pressure during Y occlusion (cm H2O); this is the circuit compression factor
5.) multiply the circuit compression factor (mL/cm H2O) by the peak inspiratory pressure during mechanical ventilation (cm H2O), or (peak inspiratory pressure-PEEP) if PEEP is used
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You have arrived on the scene of a large structure fire. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) are by the side of a patient who is responsive to verbal stimuli and has suffered significant burns to his body. They report that the patient fell down a flight of stairs while trying to escape and was trapped for several minutes. Their assessment findings include partial- and full-thickness burns to his
right arm, right leg, and right side of the face. The EMRs also report that the patient's unburned skin is cool, clammy, and pale, with a delayed capillary refill. His pulse is 144, respirations are 22, and blood pressure is 88/50 mmHg. Which one of the following instructions would be most appropriate? A) "The patient is in burn shock; let's cool him by pouring cold water on him now and during transport." B) "After reassessing the ABCs, let's do a secondary assessment and look for signs of injuries that are causing shock." C) "The patient is in burn shock; let's soak a sterile burn sheet in water and wrap it around him." D) "Before cooling him with water, let's figure out the percentage of his body that is burned along with the type of burn."
What is required for normal perfusion to occur?
A) Airway patency, proper amounts of carbon dioxide, and adequate glucose levels B) Adequate breathing, sufficient numbers of red blood cells, and sufficient heart function C) Intact breathing, an ample number of red blood cells, and body temperature of 98.6°F D) Patent airway, sufficient breathing, high amounts of glucose, and good heart function