Which of the following would be included in the calculation of gross domestic product (GDP)?
a. The value of a used automobile purchased by Jim
b. The sale price of a new house purchased by Joe
c. The receipt of $100 in food stamps by Sandy
d. The $200 that Kurt spends on the purchase of bonds
e. The amount of money that Laurie receives as unemployment benefit after losing her job
b
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Which of the following best represents search costs?
A) Dinesh has to spend time and effort to make sure that the chemical factory is living up to the agreed upon bargain that it will reduce the pollution it is releasing into the local river by 50 percent. B) Laila needs to come up with enough cash to pay the owners of the paper manufacturing plant, its attorneys, accountants, and negotiators so that a bargain can be reached with the paper manufacturer to reduce air pollution. C) Esperanza has to spend time and effort locating and organizing all the other people who have been adversely affected by the strong odors emanating from the local slaughterhouse in order to initiate the bargaining process. D) Rafael has to spend time determining whether the fertilizer manufacturer, the lead smelter, or the oil refinery is the cause of pollution seeping into the groundwater in his local community.
The idea that nominal variables are heavily influenced by the quantity of money and that money is largely irrelevant for understanding the determinants of real variables is called the
a. velocity concept. b. Fisher effect. c. classical dichotomy. d. Mankiw effect.