A decrease in the rate of reinforcement on one component of a multiple reinforcement schedule that results in an increase in rate of response on the other component is a _________?

A similarity among children with separation anxiety and those with school refusal is that they both fear going to school and often stay home. The difference in the symptoms of these diagnoses is that:

A) if allowed to stay home, children with school refusal generally recover. B) separation anxiety usually lasts into adulthood, while school refusal does not. C) in separation anxiety, the fear is limited to school. D) school refusal often involves fear of others at school, academic fear, and separation anxiety.

Which of the following is known to reduce the risk of depression in older adults?

a. availability of social support b. being financial well off c. living alone d. caring for a family member with Alzheimer's disease