Explain the three ways in which infants coordinate their own attentional and emotional responses to objects and people with the responses of other people between 9 and 12 months (i.e., pointing and gesturing, joint attention, and social referencing)
What will be an ideal response?
Infants point to attract an adult’s attention to an object or situation, and gesture to signal objects of desire or desired actions.
Infants and caregivers engage in joint attention in which they both pay attention to an object or event.
Infants engage in social referencing which means that they use the emotional expressions of adults to regulate their own emotion and behavior.
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Explain what is meant by expressed emotion (EE) and why researchers have been so interested in it. Discuss its relevance to our understanding of schizophrenia and other disorders
Answer:
Erikson theorized that the primary challenge facing newborns was
A) struggling with trust issues. B) coping with unconscious sexual desires. C) dealing with oral needs. D) developing a sense of patience.