Each type of dependent variable measure can be assessed by using percent correct, frequency of response, or degree of response

A constructivist would argue that many Southern whites'

perceptions of black Americans in the 1940s were: a. based on inherent differences between the two groups. b. the outcome of humans' inherent tendency to make sharp distinctions between people based on skin color. c. the result of wealthy white owners of land and businesses setting white workers against black workers in order to weaken their ability to act collectively for higher wages. d. the result of identities that were created, not inherent or fixed.

Your authors attribute the increase in black voter participation and the increase in the number of minority people who are now serving in public office to which of the following?

A) the Fifteenth Amendment B) the Civil Rights Act of 1964 C) the Voting Rights Act of 1965 D) the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka E) lowering the cost of the poll tax