Circuit positive end-expiratory pressure may be avoided by using:

a. demand flow. c. flow interrupter.
b. continuous flow. d. overpressure-relief valve.

ANS: A
Demand flow is believed by some clinicians to be advantageous to operator-selected, continu-ous-flow systems because continuous-flow systems tend to produce resistance to expiration at the airway, commonly known as circuit positive end-expiratory pressure. For patients whose ven-tilatory needs include high inspiratory flows but low end-expiratory pressure, the demand system eliminates the need to set a high continuous flow.