How is a melody created?

The philosophy of stoicism, propounded by the Roman slave-philosopher Epictetus, declared what basic principle or idea?

a. All humans are brothers and citizens of the world. b. The gods need not be feared, having no power over our lives. c. Human suffering arises in selfish attachment and craving. d. Truth can be reached only by contemplation of the Good.

Benedictine monks at Cluny introduced

a) manuscript illumination. b) congregational readings. c) public prayer. d) choral music.