Due to gender ____________, men enjoy privileges over women in seeking leadership roles.

All of the following are important to replication across different situations and people EXCEPT to

a. test if results are true across different types of people. b. test if results are true for different situations. c. test if results are externally valid across people and situations. d. enhance the internal validity of all experiments through random selection and assignment.

The Purkinje effect refers to the fact that

A) reds and yellows are brighter than blues and greens. B) reds and yellows are more intense than blues and greens. C) lights in the green-blue portion of the spectrum are brighter than lights in the yellow-red portion of the spectrum when viewed under dim illumination. D) lights in the green-blue portion of the spectrum are brighter than equally intense lights in the yellow-red portion of the spectrum when viewed under dim illumination. E) blue-greens are more intense than yellow-reds at night.