Children in the concrete operational stage are able to solve class inclusion problems because they
A) can reverse operations mentally.
B) can focus on more than once aspect of a problem.
C) are egocentric in their thinking.
D) have abstract thinking.
B) can focus on more than once aspect of a problem. Class inclusion requires decentered thought, that is, viewing an object in two or more ways.
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During the seventeenth century, when European fur traders arrived, the Iroquois changed from a peace-loving tribe to fierce enemies of their neighbours, the Hurons. This suggests that
A) aggression is affected by innate propensities and learned inhibitory responses. B) economic and social competition can elicit aggression. C) instrumental aggression is inborn. D) aggressive instincts can even vary within a culture. E) evolution selected for aggressive behaviours.
One reason why preschool IQ test scores predict less well than later scores is that
A) preschool tests emphasize abstract problem-solving skills, whereas later tests focus on concrete knowledge. B) IQ tests get increasingly easier for children as they get older. C) with age, test items focus less on problem-solving skills and more on concrete knowledge. D) with age, test items focus less on concrete knowledge and more on problem-solving skills.