C/D is the currency drain ratio and R/D is the desired reserve ratio. The money multiplier equals

The race to the bottom scenario of global environmental degradation is explained roughly like this:

A. Profit-seeking multinational companies shift their production from countries with strong environmental standards to countries with weak standards, thus reducing their costs and increasing their profits.
B. Companies seek to reduce their costs of operation on plant and equipment design and this results in higher levels of pollution.
C. Companies seek the lowest market prices on products in order to gain market share, resulting in inferior goods and increased waste and pollution.
D. Companies seek to influence environmental legislation standards to the lowest possible standards in the U.S. in order to maximize profits.

What is meant by holding all else equal? How is this concept used when discussing movements along the demand curve? How is this concept used when discussing movements along the supply curve?

What will be an ideal response?