What are two powerful social and political organizing forces in Europe and how does this impact musicking?

What will be an ideal response?

ANSWER:

Answers will vary.

• The two ways are religion and nation or nationalism.
• The three most influential religions in Europe are Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.
• These religions all encouraging music or musical-type sounds in their worship, but also restrict some musicking.
• Christanity over the centuries helped develop musical notation or literacy methods.
• Christianity also encouraged polyphonic singing and the development of harmony.
• Jews in Europe were sought-after musicians in many historical times and locations.
• Islam helped introduce what became the guitar to Europe.