Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory has ____ key levels or systems that play a part in human development

What reason does a psychological detective have for expressing skepticism about pain reduction through hypnosis?

a) Most reports show pain relief for children only. b) Reported cases of pain relief often lack proper controls. c) Hypnosis seems to work only for reducing pain during dental procedures. d) The reports of hypnotically-induced pain reduction are all from undeveloped countries.

Pavlov intentionally trained his dogs to expect food when they ______

a. saw a red light b. heard a laboratory door open c. heard a ringing bell d. received an electric shock