A response scale like agree/disagree or support/oppose is a(n) _______________ scale

After telling your 3-year-old to clean his playroom, you then overhear him talking to himself. You hear him say, "First, I have to put the toys in the box and then I have to put the box back on the shelf." This is an example of __________

a. scaffolding b. the zone of proximal development c. guided participation d. private speech

Research on the Flynn effect indicates that the largest generational IQ gains have occurred on

A) items strongly correlated with Spearman's g. B) items emphasizing short-term and rote memory. C) items emphasizing crystallized intelligence. D) fluid-ability tests of spatial reasoning.