What kind of animals did Harry Harlow and his colleagues use to discredit the "nourishment" theory of attachment?

A 19th century physician's diagnosis of drapetomania, which purported to explain why slaves sought freedom, exemplifies ________

a. the recognition of the intolerable conditions of slavery and the need to escape those conditions. b. how group consensus often reflects prevailing attitudes and prejudices rather than objective evidence. c. how great suffering elicits the "fight-or-flight" response, which is a normal human reaction. d. recognition of panic disorder as far back as the early years of the nineteenth century.

When an individual, who is part of a larger group, chooses to put forth less effort than other group members, _____ occurs

a) cognitive dissonance b) social loafing c) conformity d) the bystander effect