Jennifer has already presented two excellent reports. The third report she has just presented is clearly not as good as the first two reports, yet she is given the same high grade as before. What shortcut has the teacher used in this case?
A) the contrast effect
B) the halo effect
C) stereotyping
D) the framing effect
E) the hindsight bias
B
Explanation: B) When a person draws a general impression about an individual on the basis of a single characteristic, such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance, a halo effect is operating. Jennifer's teacher has already determined that she is intelligent, and even though her report isn't as good, the teacher's perception is skewed.
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