In order to explain the relative sizes of families in urban versus rural environments, some economists viewed children as investment or durable consumptions goods, respectively

Which of the following is NOT an example of a good with an external cost?

A) electricity generation producing carbon dioxide emissions that contribute toward global warming B) logging that pollutes a nearby river C) Jess smoking near her non-smoking roommate D) Ahmed working at a bank and getting a flu shot each fall E) noise pollution from aircraft

The Pareto superiority concept _____

a. is equivalent to utilitarianism b. is equivalent to equilibrium in a perfectly competitive market c. compares two different states of the world d. looks at a state of the world and judges its superiority