In the kinked demand curve model, the demand curve is ________ for price increases and ________ for price decreases

In recent years the cost of producing wines in the U.S. has increased largely due to rising rents for vineyards. At the same time, more and more Americans prefer wine over beer

Which of the following best explains the effect of these events in the wine market? A) The supply curve has shifted to the left and the demand curve has shifted to the right. As a result, there has been an increase in the equilibrium price and an uncertain effect on the equilibrium quantity. B) Both the supply and demand curves have shifted to the right. As a result, there has been an increase in the equilibrium price and an uncertain effect on the equilibrium quantity. C) The supply curve has shifted to the left and the demand curve has shifted to the right. As a result there has been an increase in the equilibrium quantity and an uncertain effect on the equilibrium price. D) Both the supply and demand curves have shifted to the right. As a result, there has been an increase in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity.

In the long run, ________ dominate exchange rate movements

A) short-run inflation differentials B) long-run inflation differentials C) short-run relative price changes D) All of the above