Identify and explain the two dimensions of Hofstede’s research that influence face and conflict, as discussed in face negotiation theory.

What will be an ideal response?

Important to FNT are Hofstede’s dimensions of individualism–collectivism and power distance. FNT posits that members of individualistic cultures primarily focus on negative face--that is, they prefer to present themselves as confident, self-directed, and independent. Conversely, members of collectivistic cultures primarily emphasize positive face, presenting themselves as likable, cooperative, and interested in building relationships. Similarly, members of low power distance cultures prefer to view individuals as equals, whereas members of high power distance cultures accept and rely on hierarchies and status differences. These cultural differences affect face management, and differences in face management lead to different communication patterns--all of which can lead to misinterpretation and disagreement.