When Yolanda thinks about the future, she plans to get her first job at age 22, be married by age 24, and have her first child at age 27, just like her older brother did. According to research by Bernice Neugarten, Yolanda has a well-defined

________: people are bad at predicting what is going to happen in the future

Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).

_____ results when the desire to engage in a particular behavior is to gain some reward or to avoid some undesirable consequence

a) Learned motivation b) Intrinsic motivation c) Incentive-based motivation d) Extrinsic motivation