How does pipelining improve CPU efficiency? What's the potential effect on pipelining's efficiency when executing a conditional BRANCH instruction? What techniques can be used to make pipelining more efficient when executing conditional BRANCH instructions?
Pipelining increases the rate at which instructions can be executed by overlapping their execution in multiple stages.However, pipelining efficiencies are achievedonly when the CPU can supply a continuous stream of instructions. When the instruction sequence is altered by a conditional BRANCH instruction, the CPU empties the pipeline's content and starts over with the first instruction of a new sequence. This problem can be minimized or eliminated by using branch prediction or speculative execution.
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